The Psychological Positivism Theory On All Of The Mental...

The psychological positivism theory concentrates on all of the mental aspects of why an individual commits a crime, and associates it with their intelligence, personality, learning, and criminal behaviour. It looks at the determinations, thoughts, intentions and reactions of criminals and all that contributes in the criminal behaviour. Explanations of criminal behaviour were explained by looking at the work of Sigmund Freud (1956-1939). He established the psychoanalytical model in which he believed that a human progresses, early in life. Freud discusses that the human personality has three sets of interacting forces. These include the id, the ego and the superego. These are three components in a human personality that pledge them to behave in the manner they do and make individuals they are. Firstly Freud believes that humans are born with their id. He suggests that the id holds importance for personality. The id allows a new-born to get its desires met by crying. Freud mentions that the id is set on getting pleasure and the id wants whatever feels good despite the circumstances. In addition to this Freud had mentioned the second component of the personality develops. This is known as the ego, it understands feeling and emotions of others and takes them into account. Freud then suggest that the ego meets the needs of the id, at the same time looking at the reality of the condition. Lastly Freud mentions that when a child is five the development of the third personalityShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System1700 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice System to effectively deter crime, it is imperative to understand what causes crime, understand why crime exists and why offenders engage in criminal behaviour. In the 18th century criminologists such as Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso all established criminological theories, in an attempt to achieve this goal. The most influential theories are known as the Classical and Positivist p erspectives. Both of these theories have had a long-term influence on the currentRead MoreCriminology Theories1039 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Criminology† is the study of crime from a social perspective by researching the nature and management of crime and the social impact of crime on society involving the causes and consequences behind the matter. This is a generalised explanation of what â€Å"Criminology† involves as it is too difficult to create an exact definition because the topic is so complex from continuous growing historical roots and evolving theories which will be explored within the main body of this essay. It is said by SutherlandRead MoreCesare Lombroso s Role As A Criminology Thinker1115 Words   |  5 Pagesflag bearer of biological positivism and was mainly influential in Europe and North America. His proposition was that there needs to e an understanding of the criminal. This was to be done before we criticize the crime itself. (1912, pg.15). His book Criminal Man was one of his renowned works. His work was greatly influenced by that of Charles Darwin as he was a supporter of the evolution theory as suggested by Newburn (Newburn 2007). Lombroso was and advocate for positivism. He studied the biologicalRead MoreThe Media Coverage Of Oscar Pistorius Case1462 Words   |  6 PagesEssay (CRM 1410) The media coverage of Oscar Pistorius case The theory that I will discuss for my essay is called psychological positivism. Psychological positivism is a theory, which suggest that there is criminal personality that resides in the minds of the criminals. The theory was designed by Austrian neurologist called Sigmund Freud. He believed that some people committed crime due to certain internal factors that one had little or no control over. These internal factors can be formed dueRead MoreThe Case Of Jeffrey Dahmer Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesperson and who they are. Does where a person lives and the environment they are in constantly influence them to commit crime? Is it the genetic makeup of the person that makes a more probable chance for them to commit a crime? â€Å"Drilling into the skull of a young man he began to funnel a stream of sulfuric acid into the head of his unconscious victim to create a zombie to fulfill all of his fantasies. Dead within a day, he mummified the head of his victim placing it in the freezer beside the skullsRead MoreCriminal Justice Final Exam2621 Words   |  11 Pagesnecessary aspect of every society since â€Å"Laws are the conditions under which independent and isolated men united to form a society† (Beccaria, 1764: 16). In order words, crime control deals with the methods that are taken by a society to reduce its crime. As a matter of fact, there are various crime control strategies from community policing to risk assessments. In addition to the different tactics for controlling crime, there are several theories that not only attempt to explain the causes of crime, butRead MoreOutline and Discuss in Detail the Various Theories Used by Psychologists to Explain Criminal Behaviour. by Applying Evidence to Support Your Argument, How Relevant Do You Consider These to Be?2397 Words   |  10 Pagesfollowing essay will outline and discuss the various theories used by psychologists to explain criminal behaviour. According to White and Haines 2008 crime was seen as the result of externally caused biological problems or internal psychological factors that were treatable. They believe the criminal was made, not born. Psychological theories tend to focus on how characteristics of an individual lead to criminal behaviour, however these theories may also be irrelevant, challenge existing thinkingRead MoreCrime Is a Social Construct1370 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is a social construct Discuss. This composition will look at crime and its different criminological interpretations. Crime is an umbrella word which covers a diverse range of issues and is dependant upon the theoretical stand point of the writer. Although the wordings of the explanations differ, the implications are consistent (Newburn, 2007. Doherty, 2005). Mclaughlin et al (2006) seems the most relevant for the purpose. They separate crime into three key constituent parts. These are harmRead MoreFemale Juvenile Delinquency Essay2679 Words   |  11 Pagesjuvenile delinquency: What went wrong with â€Å"Sugar and Spice and all things nice†? Ariana Kalaitzaki S2760178 Griffith University Abstract This review addresses major questions around female juvenile delinquency, around which much contemporary research is oriented. These involve which factors are contributing to female juvenile delinquency and what causes female juveniles to display criminal behaviour in the first place. Theories and risk factors will be identified. Although research in the pastRead MoreCore Issues in Crime and Punishment3260 Words   |  14 Pagesinteresting and honest insight into his life of crime and incarceration. The autobiography, written from inside prison, is according to Boyle an attempt to warn young people that there is not anything glamorous about crime and violence. It gives a full narration of his life from a very young age, with a detailed insight into his childhood, experiences of petty crime, approved schools and borstal, right through to his adult experiences of more serious crime, violence and adult prisons, including his interpretation

Cognitive Behavior Therapy And Family Based Treatment

Anorexia nervosa is a debilitating disorder that affects the lives of many adolescents and can serious if not fatal consequences if not treated properly (Hurst Zimmer-Gembeck, 2015; Wilson, Grilo, Vitousek, 2007; Westwood Kendal, 2012; Grave, Calugi, Ghoch, Conti Fairburn, 2014). Two interventions that are often used in the treatment of AN are cognitive behavior therapy and family based treatment. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and family based treatment (FBT) can either be used separately or in conjunction depending on the patient’s response and the degree of the disorder (Doyle, Le Grange, Loeb, Doyle, Crosby, 2012; Lock et al., 2015; Madden et al., 2015). CBT aims to decease the symptoms of anorexia nervosa by changing the†¦show more content†¦Categorically, adolescents with anorexia nervosa have a chronic low body weight and are below 85 percent of their expected body weight (Lock, Fitzpatrick, 2007). Anorexia nervosa is most commonly diagnosed in adolesce nts, an age that can increase the risks of malnutrition, weight loss, osteoporosis, growth arrest, and absent puberty. Anorexia nervosa can damage an adolescent’s identity, and has the highest death rates of any psychiatric illness (Aspen Boutelle, 2013; Grave et al., 2014). Adolescents that suffer from anorexia nervosa tend to be perfectionists causing them to focus on negative beliefs, fear of failure, and fear of disapproval. They are often high achievers, are inflexible and rigid in their thinking, and see their symptoms as achievements (Hurst Zimmer- Gembeck, 2015; Westwood Kendal, 2012). Three themes emerge in anorexia nervosa patients: control, tensions between the client’s wants and the clinical intervention, and therapeutic alliance (Westwood Kendal, 2012). For patients, anorexia nervosa both controls them and gives them control. Patients are torn between trying to overcome their disorder and enjoying the control they have over their body. Clients being treated for anorexia nervosa are challenged during treatment because they need to address both their physical and psychological needs (Westwood Kendal, 2012). They want to have a say during their

English Attitudes and Beliefs

Question: Discuss about theEnglishfor Attitudes and Beliefs. Answer: Human beings have their set of beliefs, attitudes and beliefs that guide their actions throughout their life span. Family and community equally contribute to these fundamental values, and some might consider not changing these values in later stages in life (Alfano and Rnnow-Rasmussen 2013). The present essay is based on a fundamental value that I have and that I do not think would change. The core value that has been selected for this purpose is honesty that I have integrated within myself and did not want to transform. I am a 24-year-old student pursuing my degree in banking and finance. I have always believed that honesty is a positive personal feature that helps in achieving desired outcomes in all spheres of life. I value honesty since following this principle guides me to keep the social and internal peace. The saying that honesty is the best policy is true to every extent since trust can be earned from the ones who hold importance in our lives. Baker et al. (2016) have stated that honesty enables a person to be driven by the urge to keep promises, take up the responsibility for all actions, good and bad, and instils confidence within ownself. In addition, having an honest approach often clears the path for communications so that assurance can be generated. Simple and plain truth is reflected in all actions taken up by an individual, and this forms the foundation stone for establishing relationships under suitable circumstances. I have come across several instances where people have the tendenc y to distort the truth and put their credibility under risk by being dishonest. Their personal standards are thereof lowered, and their reputation is under question. These individuals resort to excuses for being dishonest and hold their ill fate or grievances to be the reason for being dishonest. In this regard, it is to be said that being honest pays off in the long run and honesty does not cost anything while dishonesty can cost an individual everything. According to Gulla (2010), the value honesty holds cannot be overstated under any condition. If an individual is dishonest, he is to expect an undesirable outcome. I belief in this thought and would agree that one needs to pay for his dishonesty at one point of time. Honesty is a fundamental value that I perceive to be significant in my life and would not change in the future. I would stand for honesty and truth as I belive in my capability and everything I represent. For me, adhering to the honesty policy would conform credibility on everything I state. For me, honesty is a way of life, and it implies that I care deeply about the relationships I have established and a prosperous career that I want to build up for myself in the near future. It means that I respect others whose opinion is of much value to me. Being honest, I believe I would get whatever I deserve in life after hard work and attempts to build loving relationships. References Alfano, M. and Rnnow-Rasmussen, T., 2013. Personal Value. Baker, A., Porter, S., ten Brinke, L. and Mundy, C., 2016. Seeing is believing: observer perceptions of trait trustworthiness predict perceptions of honesty in high-stakes emotional appeals.Psychology, Crime Law,22(9), pp.817-831. Gulla, A. 2010.Creating values in life(1st ed.). Authorhouse.

Human Computer Interaction Evaluation of Websites

Question: Write a report about the evaluation of information technology in respect to the objectives and effectiveness, features and accessibility of the websites along with the usability principles in context to Human Computer Interaction. Answer: Introduction: The following report presents the differential evaluation of two nominated websites 1: https://www.binglee.com.au and 2: https://www.kogan.com/au/ based on different aspects of information system in context to different factors like user interface design of the website, its accessibility, homepage pretest, web graphics, use of colours etc. The objective of presenting the critical evaluation of the two websites is whether the websites serving the purpose, accuracy, coverage of the respective products and other similar factors. Discussion: The nominated websites, Binglee and Kogan both are electronic stores located in Australia serves e-commerce service. The organizations are largely into the trading of electronic appliances of different variety as an online shopping option. For this purpose both the organizations have their own set and design of websites which helps to attract customers and easier way to find the products as per their requirement (Brown Gilchrist, 2016). Website of Binglee presents different tabs for its products according to the variety of the electronic appliances like computers, cameras, home appliances, small or medium size appliances, fitness/ health etc. Just below these tabs it presents a promoting tab which reflects different offers to attract buyers like products offering on discounts, tie in arrangements of products or any other promotional offer to take the clients attention. The website also presents option for catalogues, store location (for clients if they want to choose the products physically), other small or regular promotional offers followed by trending or new launched products along with the options for registration and log in facilities so that the details and information of the customers can be maintained in records (Cook, et al. 2015). On the other hand, website of Kogan presents its website for the products according to the department, which further segregates the appliances in different variety, according to brand of the appliances. The website further follows a small tab presenting the promotional offer in terms of bargains and discount options. The website additionally provides different tabs for the different class of appliances like LED TVs, Cellular phones, home appliances in terms of both brand and types of appliances. For any business websites there are certain important and vital features that every enterprise has to maintain in order to operate its online business successfully (Hashim, 2015). Hence, the evaluation in regard to the key features for both the business websites, Binglee and Kogan are mentioned below: Logical Roadmap: It is very important to present and maintain this feature for any business websites because it presents the usefulness for the users apart from making it attractive and pleasing (Le Bourgeois, et al 2016). For the purpose of search ranks in Google, it requires and considers the content and structure of the website hence it is a vital feature. In case of Binglee.com the structure of the website is according to the types of appliances and promotions along with other relevant information for the users. Whereas the website of Kogan.com presents the structure according to the department of appliances and according to brand followed by promotional offers. Business Information: Second important feature is featuring the business information of the organizations like store locations in form of directions and maps, contact details, help centre, corporate head office location etc. In the nominated website, Bingle.com the information of its store location is mention along with the direction and maps (Lee, Thomas Baskerville, 2015). While in the website of Kogan.com different information for contact is present along with the head office location. Clear Navigation: This feature is related to the location directions and maps provided in the website. It means that the map is useless if it does not provide a navigation facility to the users (Lioukas, Reuer Zollo, 2016). This facility is present in both the websites nominated for the presentation of the report. Security: Security, one of the most crucial features any website must have. It is very important for a business websites to secure its website with the relevant security certificate in terms of credit card details of users like credit card numbers, encryption details etc. In both the nominated website security in terms of online payment details and encryption is maintained (Melin-Gonzlez Bulchand-Gidumal, 2016). Social Media Promotion: in order to run an online business successfully, an important key is the promotional activity of the website (Schwalbe, 2015). These Days there are lot of social Medias has come into existence, like facebook, twitter, linkedin, pinterst, youtube etc. It is the duty of the business planner to opt and execute on these social networking sites to promote their business websites to attract as many customers. Mobile Versions: In the present era, it is very important to any application or website readily available on mobile phones or other communicating mobile appliance. Most of the users use smart phones, tablets hence it is very important to have the website operated from these gadgets. In this context both the organizations have maintained this features and the facility is readily available as mobile versions (Rivard Aubert, 2015). Good Hosting: It is very important for an organization to be a good host in case of online business operator. It clarifies that the websites are required to be updated and maintained at a regular interval. There should be hundred percent technical assistance on the website to the users as well as there should be relative link provided for the better assistance and reliability of the products of the companies (Xiang, Magnini, Fesenmaier, 2015). In case of nominated website Binglee, seems to be maintaining their website and providing good technical assistance in terms of the relative information and details of several requirements. Whereas Kogan organization has also seemed to maintain its website in consistent to technical assistance and other necessities. Moreover, apart from the aforementioned features, a business website has to eye catchy and attractive in terms to provide a good impression especially for the first time users. Use of colours, designs, encryption of data, segregation of product types etc should be in proper content so that the website becomes user friendly (Cook, et al. 2015). In case of nominated website Binglee.com the homepage seems o be quite attractive as the colours and designs used in the website are brighter and eye catchy. The giant tab reflecting different promotional offers has been designed in different colours and designsto make it more flashy and attractive. One section of the tab is designed in the red colours and balloons to flash the sale season for the users while the other tab is designed in blue and white bright colour combination to promote the tie in arrangement of products. The tab has been designed in such a way that any user will get attracted and goes through the information and details even if the user was not intended to. The other tabs of the website reflecting different types of appliances and gadgets are designed in light blue colour which is again quite attractive as its a bright colour and more eye catchy (Xiang, Magnini, Fesenmaier, 2015). Apparently, in case of the second nominated website Kogan.com the design and colours of home page is very simple compared to the first nominated website. In this website, the designer has used pastel colours for the tabs flashing department of products and brand names while the encrypted names in simple black colour, which seems little less attractive. The website further provides different tabs of its products as per the department types and brand types flashing the picture and names of the products. In comparison to the first website it does not reflect the page very attractive instead it looks pretty dull as the colours used in the pictures also are not brighter colours. Hence, even if the company privides products in simpler and user-friendly manner, it might lack in attracting new or proposed clients (Brown Gilchrist, 2016). Further, on proceeding to the particular products on each of the nominated website, it seems that Binglee is still one-step ahead. On licking the particular product on Binglee.com it flashes that particular product in a bigger picture along with the relevant information and details. Whereas in case of Kogan.com it reflects different options and varieties of that particular product with a smaller, picture and details. We can say that the organization is providing detailed information and variety of products but it is quite a longer process for users point of view. In the present conditions, users are more time saving seeker rather than any other factor hence it is not attracting users to click and choose for a particular product repeatedly (Brown Gilchrist, 2016). It can also be stated that the website of Binglee company is more concise and structured compared to Kogan company. HCI Design Principles: HCI refers to the findings of human computer interaction and guidance on its usage in order to create and design a website. In the study of Information System, there are certain principles regulating human computer interaction on its usage and utility (Cook, et al. 2015). Hence, both the nominated websites, Binglee and Kogan are required to maintain and comply the principles laid in terms of HCI in information technology system. Learnability Principle: Any organization opting for online business has to comply with the learnability principle against Human computer interaction principles (Cook, et al. 2015). It states that the website operation should provide ease of accessibility so that there can be effective and significant interaction and maximum level of performance especially to the new users. In context to the above-mentioned explanation nominated website Binglee.com and Kogan.com the hosts have complied with the learnability principle as they provide user-friendly accessibility. Even if the user is new it will not be difficult to operate these websites. However, on comparing the two websites it can be said that Kogan.com is little more structured for new users as it provides tabs for its products presenting via bigger design and image of products. While in case of Binglee.com this clarity is little less in terms of products feature. Flexibility Principle: This principle states that there should flexibility in the ways of accessing the websites between users to exchange information (Cook, et al. 2015). In case of Binglee.com and Kogan.com this feature is in compliance as both the websites places the flexibility for using the respective websites in multiple ways. Robustness Principle: This is an important principle to be followed and complied by all the business websites. It states that the there should be adequate and appropriate support for the recovery of information to the users in order to determine and accomplish successful achievement. In case of nominated websites Binglee and Kogan, it is very important for the Information Technology system team to provide and maintain this principle. There should be proper and appropriate support for recovery between the users and information system (Brown Gilchrist, 2016). Recommendations: On analyzing the surveys and principles in relation to the websites of Binglee and Kogan the required recommendation has been provided. As it is mentioned earlier that the kogan website is little dull in attracting the users in terms of its colours used in the tabs whereas Binglee.com is more attractive. Hence, Kongan entity is recommended to change its color combination to make its home page little more eye catchy. Additionally, the Kogan website is recommended to change its homepage design as well to present its product in more structured way i.e. different types of appliances divided according to its usage in one side. While as per brand names on the other side as well as the locations of the stores and directions and maps so that it becomes more user friendly (Brown Gilchrist, 2016). Whereas the website of Binglee.com is recommended to provide little more varieties and details on its each product range so that the clients get different varieties and hence prospect clients are ex pected to join in. Conclusion: The above report dealt with the evaluation of information technology in respect to the objectives and effectiveness, features and accessibility of the websites along with the usability principles in context to Human Computer Interaction. The evaluation has been reported for two nominated websites Binglee and Kogan, both dealing in electronic appliances through e-commerce. The report has been presented on analysis of various aspects like attractive home page, user-friendly accessibility, designing, support for recovery etc. Upon analyzing these aspects, a section on recommendation to improve the respective websites has also been mentioned in the solution. Reference List: Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013). 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Using information technology, communication and citizen science in alien invasive plant management in Kruger National Park, South Africa.Botanists of the twenty-first century: roles, challenges and opportunities: Quels botanistes pour le 21e sicle? Mtiers, enjeux et opportunits, 103. Lee, A. S., Thomas, M., Baskerville, R. L. (2015). Going back to basics in design science: from the information technology artifact to the information systems artifact.Information Systems Journal,25(1), 5-21. Lioukas, C. S., Reuer, J. J., Zollo, M. (2016). Effects of Information Technology Capabilities on Strategic Alliances: Implications for the Resource Based View.Journal of Management Studies. Lohrke, F. T., Frownfelter-Lohrke, C., Ketchen, D. J. (2016). The role of information technology systems in the performance of mergers and acquisitions.Business Horizons,59(1), 7-12. Melin-Gonzlez, S., Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2016). A model that connects information technology and hotel performance.Tourism Management,53, 30-37. Morgan, T. R., Richey, R. G. (2016). Developing a Returns Competency: The Influence of Collaboration and Information Technology. InLets Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketings Engagement Era(pp. 399-400). Springer International Publishing. Rivard, S., Aubert, B. A. (2015).Information technology outsourcing. Routledge. Schnoll, H. J. (2015).E-government: Information, technology, and transformation. Routledge. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Star, S. L. (2016). 6 Misplaced Concretism and Concrete Situations: Feminism, Method, and Information Technology.Boundary Objects and Beyond: Working with Leigh Star, 143. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology.MIS quarterly,36(1), 157-178. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249.