Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tort law - Essay Example Thus, this essay will support the notion that corrective justice and providing compensation should be priorities of the law rather than raising protection for public authorities. In considering these issues, one should consider some cases that have clarified these arguments. Firstly: the case of Smith v Ministry of Defense, which deals with claims brought against the Ministry of Defense on the basis of negligence for failing to protect the soldiers involved in a friendly fire by failing to provide them with safe vehicles and equipment for patrolling. The allegations also involved the alleged breach of Article 2 of the ECHR that gives the right to protection of human life. On the other hand, the defendants claimed that they should not be held liable for the incidents that occurred based on the concept of â€Å"combat immunity† which encompasses that â€Å"There is no common law liability for negligence in respect of acts or omissions which occur during combat operations against the enemy and there is no duty to establish a safe system of work during such operations, whether those issues are analyzed from the perspective of combat immunity or under the fair, just and reasonable test. The principle of combat immunity exists because the court cannot realistically or reasonably be required to resolve whether injuries suffered by soldiers could have been avoided by different tactics and if so how to apportion blame.† Nonetheless, the Supreme Court did not agree with the defendants’ arguments and found that the negligence that occurred in this case fell outside the scope of combat immunity. Thus, it was held that it was â€Å"fair, just, and reasonable`’ for the Ministry of Defense to be held liable for such acts of negligence. The ministry of Defense failed on their part to give the soldiers the needed training and equipments and so breached their duty of care against article 2 ECHR1. The soldiers are employees who

Research Methods For Engineers (Factors Affecting Project Alliances in Proposal

Methods For Engineers (Factors Affecting Project Alliances in Construction Industry ((Australian Construction Industry )))) - Research Proposal Example This was a source of losses to both the construction companies and the general public. It was also a blow to the government since it was not able to complete the planned development projects within the stipulated timeline. These are the factors which contributed to research and proposition of the Industry Alliance design in strategic operation and management of projects (Shayne, 2012: 382). Project alliance is strategic management proposition that works to integrate the objectives various stakeholders in the construction industry. This is a concept in relationship contracting that dates back to the 20th century. This concept entails sharing risks and benefits between those involved in the construction projects. This method was first used in streamlining operations in the UK oil and gas industry. It was then first applied in Australian in the 1990s. Since then, project alliance has been modified to suite various sectors. For instance, project alliance is now widely used as a procurement tool for public infrastructural projects (Mounir, 2011: 263). The initial procurement rules applied pricing tactics in tender allocation. This old process was flawed as it failed to address the key problems related to large cost construction projects. For instance, there were foreseen and undetermined project outcomes. In event of such, some stakeholders were forced to fully absorb the outcomes, a factor that was demoralizing. Project alliancing shifted from these traditional procurement procedures by creating new guidelines for procurement. These new procedures called for complete and thorough evaluation of bidders in objection to price bidding. This helped to ascertain the capabilities of the bidders to meet any unseen occurrences and their corporate social responsibility strategies (Diponio & Dixon, 2013: 167). During its inception, its major aim was to unify all those involved in the Australian construction industry.

Healthy Diets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Healthy Diets - Essay Example The human body is a complex, living, biological organism that is sustained by nutrients for its continued survival. Without these nutrients, the body breaks down from weakness and disease and eventually dies. Like any living organism, the human body has to be cared for by providing it with the means to maintain the energy it needs to keep its biological functions working. Everything that the human body can do - seeing, touching, hearing, smelling, thinking, moving, reproducing, and so on - would depend on how well its smallest unit called the cell is nourished and maintained. Since the human body consists of some 60 trillion cells (Dunne, 2002, p. 135) that are grouped together into organs, each with its own function and purpose, the whole body will be healthy and able to live for a long period of time if the cells in the body are kept in good working condition. This is what nutrition is supposed to do, to keep each cell healthy and functioning properly. Nutrition provides the body with nutrients that are chemical substances necessary to keep the cell, and therefore the body, alive. There are six types of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats (or lipids), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each nutrient participates in at least one of the following functions: providing energy to the body, building and repairing body tissue, and regulating bodily proce sses. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats supply energy. Proteins also build and repair body tissues with the help of vitamins and minerals. Vitamins, minerals, and water help regulate the different body processes such as circulation, respiration, digestion, and elimination of waste. Each nutrient is important and none works alone. Nutrients come from the food we eat, which the body must process before they can be used. What is known as nutrition is the whole series of processes where the body takes in and uses food for growth, development, and maintaining good bodily health. These processes - digestion, absorption, and metabolism - are very important and also need nutrients in order to be carried out properly. Nutrition therefore includes the whole range of activities that starts with the food we eat (our diet), the nutrients contained in the food, and the process of digestion, absorption, and metabolism that break down the nutrients in our diet into chemicals that are sent to all the different cells in the human body. If we want the body to stay healthy, the whole nutrition process must be healthy. This begins with having a healthy diet or food intake. What is a healthy diet This is what doctors, scientists, and health experts have been doing research all these years to determine. Several research studies show that what for us would be a healthy diet depends on many factors, such as our bodily state, age, level of activity, our lifestyles, the antibodies we have developed in our immune systems, and even the way we were nourished when we were still in our mother's womb and our cultural background (different people prefer potatoes, pasta, bread, rice, or noodles with their meat). There are countless definitions of what a healthy diet is. What may be healthy for bush men in the forests of Africa and Papua New Guinea (fresh worms, raw tuber roots, and boiled fish) may not be healthy for a young student living in Europe, and vice

Case Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Marketing - Essay Example In most cases, different products are developed on the premise that people with similar interests as well as income levels tend to live in the same areas hence it would be easier to reach them. Hats and caps are perceived differently by different people in the local market. In some cases, they may be perceived as luxury which is a preserve for mainly those who constitute the middle class and the affluent by virtue of their income but just like American popular culture, they are gaining prominence. Benefit segmentation can be used as one variable where One Source Gear can group people on the basis of similar benefits they seek to gain from a product such as low price or quality product. This can be done at the level of educational institutions since they will seek something uniform. Kotler (1999) posits that benefit segmentation deals with characteristics such as personality, attitudes, opinions as well as life styles. Thus, according to Kotler, such segments are indicators though the y may not be perfect, of behaviour such as lifestyle, price sensitivity and brand preference. Another variable that can be used to segment the market by the distributor is occasion segmentation which primarily deals with certain events. This can be done on the level of sporting teams such as soccer or athletics. These are special occasions held during particular periods and the distributors should target such occasions given that they will an impact on the sales made. Another variable that can be utilised when segmenting the market is usage level segmentation which entails grouping people into whether they are heavy, medium, light users or non users of the product. This depends on the level of interests of a particular product by the targeted people in the market. Usually, people with similar usage levels of a particular product display the same behaviour as well as attitude towards it. 2.

The Problem of the New Century Essay Example for Free

The Problem of the New Century Essay This essay will analyze the impact that social media has on teenagers all around the world. More specifically, this essay will guide the reader through three of the most striking repercussions that result when teenagers abuse these types of media: cyber-stalking, poor interpersonal relationships, and bullying. From Facebook to MySpace to Twitter to Tumblr, these sites undoubtedly provide both positive and negative consequences to our world’s youth†¦ The question is: Do the negative outweigh the positive? â€Å"Home alone! I love this! And the ‘rents won’t be back ‘till 6!!!† You may think that a post like this on a social networking site should not be harmful at all. After all, you’re just letting your friends know what you’re up to! However, online stalkers and pedophiles may use this seemingly benign piece of information for more malicious ends. According to a 2007 Pew Internet Research Report, over half (55 percent) of teens now use online social networking sites. (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith Zickuhr)[1] The latter have diminished one-on-one interactions and have simultaneously provided an easy, impersonal way to harass people without any apparent immediate consequences. It is true that social networks such as Facebook and Twitter enable friends to keep in touch and can be used to â€Å"document school research, promote artistic talents and experiment with other forms of content creation.† (Hall)[2] However, along with these benefits come some serious risks: especially since these sites are extremely addicting. The excessive use of social networks, especially by teens, has brought upon severe effects on society that should n ot be taken lightly: cyber-stalking, poor interpersonal relationships, and bullying. When analyzing this topic, one must point out that, as a consequence of their excessive use of social networks, teens have become the main victims cyber-stalking. First off, unsuspecting, naà ¯ve teens are less conscious about conveying personal information that most adults would never give away to strangers. An actual case of cyber-stalking against young adults occurred when, in accordance with the Justice Department of the United States, â€Å"an honors graduate from the University of San Diego terrorized five female university students over the Internet for more than a year. The victims received hundreds of violent and threatening e-mails, sometimes receiving four or five messages a day. The graduate student, who has entered a guilty plea and faces up to six years in prison, told police he committed the crimes because he thought the women were laughing at him.† (Easttom)[3] Furthermore, when teens give away information in social networking sites, they are not only putting themselves in great danger but also involving their families. Last but not least, teen bloggers are an extremely easy target for these online stalkers. A study of sixty-eight random web-blogs written by teens of ages 13-17 by the Northwestern University revealed that â€Å"teen bloggers often willingly give away all their personal information putting them in high risk and making them easy target for cyber stalkers.† (Leopold) It is evident that teens and young adults are more liable to disclose more personal information online, making them easy targets for stalkers. The fact that cyber-stalking doesn’t involve direct contact might create the erroneous illusion that it is milder than actual physical stalking. Nonetheless, this could not be more wrong. As the Internet (and social networks) becomes a more fundamental part of our daily lives, cyber-stalkers are using it to access our personal information. Without the excessive use of these sites, would cyber-stalking such an eminent issue? It is our unfortunate dependence on these sites that make us so vulnerable an d more prone to be victims of such a frightening issue that grows larger every single day. It is understandable that teens depend on social networks to keep in touch with friends who they do not see regularly. However, the fact that 91 percent of teens use social networks to maintain friendships with friends who they already see frequently causes some degree of concern. (Frazier)[4] This is concerning because the dependence in social networks is detrimental to society, seeing as it creates poor interpersonal communications. When people communicate through a computer or cellphone screen, they lose one-on-one social contact skills. Comments and opinions conveyed through the Internet tend to be less tactful, too. Badoo These disadvantages can lead to a degradation of conversations and to misunderstandings, which could easily be avoided by just taking the time to talk in person. Also,†¦ less friends.. Social Net. Moreover, when teenagers spend so much of their time online, they fall into a dysfunctional lifestyle were vital activities such as sleeping, exercising, maintaining a healthy diet, keeping up with school, and spending quality time with friends and family become subordinate to using their computers or cellphones. In 2003, researchers at the City University of New York conducted a study regarding the effects of at-home computer use on young children. They found that young children who excessively used the computer (for over 8 hours a week) spent significantly less time playing sports or taking part in beneficial outdoor activities. They were also found to have substantially heavier body mass index.â €  (Frazier)4 Kids are said to be the future, but if this is happening to our world’s kids, what does that say about the world we are aspiring to build? Amongst all effects of the use of social networks, bullying may be deemed as the most troubling one. Thanks to the impersonal manner of online interactions, people tend to say (or type) things they normally would not say in person. Considering this, one may say that teenagers online have the urge to feel â€Å"cool†, accepted, or even admired. Though they may not be as cruel in person as they are online, the pressure of having to stand out drives many of them to bully fellow teens that may have a less dominant personality. For instance, bullies may publicize private instant messages, text messages or e-mails, post threatening messages or photos that will cause embarrassment and, most commonly, spread rumors. Even though some victims may ignore this harassment, this is not the common case. Most of the kids who have b een bullied online take desperate measures to put an end to their humiliation. As a consequence, most of the targets, who are usually emotionally unstable, choose a permanent solution to this temporary problem: suicide. For example, there is the case of Megan Meier. She was a 13-year-old girl who had self-esteem issues but was, overall, content with her life. It all started when a cute boy by the name of Josh Evans befriended her on MySpace. They started messaging each other, but Evans’ compliments soon turned to insults. Then, suddenly, Megan got a message from Evans saying â€Å"I dont know if I want to be friends with you any longer because I hear youre not nice to your friends†. Then, the Evans started posting public comments calling her fat and a ‘slut’. â€Å"The stress and frustration was too much for Megan, who had a history of depression. Tina Meier, her mother, discovered her daughters body in a bedroom closet on Oct. 16, 2006. Megan had hanged herself and died a day later.† (Good Morning America)[5] Afterward, it was discovered that Josh Evans never existed. This was a fake account that Megan’s ex-best friend created with the help of her mother in order to â€Å"get back† at Megan for some rumor that she had allegedly spread. They claim that they did not mean for Megan to commit suicide. But this is not enough. Megan is gone now thanks to cyber-bullying, and nothing can replace her. All in all, the conclusion is evident: social networks, like everything in life, are only beneficial to certain extent. When these enable people t o track you down, one should surely realize that it has gone too far. When these start replacing inter-personal relationships, one should realize that it has gone too far. When these take over your life, driving you to the point of wanting to leave this world, one should realize that it has gone too far. Luckily, we are not too late. We still have time to turn off those computers and cell phones, go outside, and take a deep breath of fresh, real air. After all, what W. Clement Stone once wrote is very true: â€Å"You are a product of your environment. So choose the environment that will best develop you toward your objective. Analyze your life in terms of its environment. Are the things around you helping you toward success- or are the holding you back?† Bibliography Lenhart, Amanda. Purcell, Kristen. Smith, Aaron. Zickuhr, Kathyrn. (2010, February 3). Social media and mobile Internet use among teens and young adults. Retrieved October 22nd, 2012 from http://web.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2010/PIP_Social_Media_and_Young_Adults_Report_Final_with_toplines.pdf Hall, Sharon Hurley. (2012). Life123.org. Retrieved November 1st, 2012 from http://www.life123.com/parenting/tweens-teens/social-networking/issues-with-teens-and-social-networking.shtml Easttom, William. (2012, February 1). Cyber stalking, fraud, and abuse. Retrieved November 1st, 2012 from http://www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1825167seqNum=4 Leopold, Wendy. (2006, February 19). Study finds teen bloggers at risk for cyberstalking. Retrieved October 22nd, 2012 from http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/nu-sft021706.php Frazier, Karen. (2011). Are Social Networks Harmful to Society?. Retrieved November 1st, 2012 from http://socialnetworking.lovetoknow.com/Are_Social_Networks_Harmful_to_Society Good Morning America (2007, November 19). Cyber bullying led to teen suicide. Retrieved October 23rd, 2012 from http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=3882520page=2 [1] Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media and mobile Internet use among teens and young adults. Retrieved October 22nd, 2012 (See Bibliography) [2] Hall, S. (2012). Life123. Retrieved November 1st, 2012 (See Bibliography) [3] Easttom, W. (2012, February 1). Cyber stalking, fraud, and abuse. Retrieved November 1st, 2012 (See Bibliography) [4] Frazier, K. (2011). Are Social Networks Harmful to Society? Retrieved November 1st, 2012 (See Bibliography) [5] Good Morning America (2007, November 19). Cyber bullying led to teen suicide. Retrieved October 23rd, 2012 (See Bibliography)

Domestic Violence Case Study Analysis Social Work Essay

Domestic Violence Case Study Analysis Social Work Essay Mrs. Chan lives with her husband and two children. The son and the daughter are aged 11 and 8 respectively. The couple has been married for 20 years. Mr. Chan runs a grocery store, and is the breadwinner of the whole family. Mrs. Chan is a housewife and responsible for taking care of the two children and housework. Both are in their mid-forties Summary of the information gathered Presenting problem and the aim of assessment Mrs. Chan came to sought help because of the alienation relationship between her husband and son. Furthermore, the domestic violent also be another issue because Mr. Chan abused the client frequently. The social worker carried out two interviews to gather specific information about the family. The aim was to realize the situation and raise an intervention plan to facilitate positive relationships of all family members. Problem assessment Clients perception of the problems During the several contacts with Mrs. Chan, she conveyed her view on the issues which exists in their family. The client expressed that she has two major concerns. One is she felt helpless when facing the domestic violence. The other is that she worried about her son would be negative influenced by her father and be hurt during family violence. She told the worker that she had been abused by her husband for several months starting from last year and tolerated the unfairness mistreatment for a long time. Sometimes, he even did the violent behavior in front of their children. And her husband ever threatened her with a knife. Mrs. Chan admitted that she felt feared. For her children, she decides to leave their family temporarily. The client mentioned that the reciprocal conversation between her husband and son is seldom. Even when they stay together there is rare communication. She did not know how to improve their relationship and was anxious to seek solutions to remedy this situation. She said to worker she has ever hear her son murmuring that he has hidden some weapons and may use them to attack his father. Besides, her sons performance in school is not as well as before. Therefore, she was solicitous about the conflict between two of them will more and more worsening which will bring about more negative effect on her son. Workers perception of the problems During the interviews with Mrs. Chan, the worker observed that the family functioning is unbalanced because of domestic violence. Domestic violence Family system theory focus on the interaction patterns within a family. It stressed that in each family, there exists a rule to confine each family members behavior. And the boundaries and communication patterns of each members are defined. (McCue, 1995). By adopting the theory, the worker found that Mr. Chan seems to view himself as the dominant role and authority in their family, once some family members do not obey his rules they will achieve punishment. And Mr. Chan use violence as a mean to restore Mrs. Chans position within the family. father-son relationship The worker found that the alienated relationship between the father and son mainly result from domestic violence. In this case, the boys father is the perpetrating party and his mother is a victim. The boy presented resentment and fear to his father, what his behavior, such as indifference and alienation represent his emotion. 3) Family communication As a result of domestic violence, the spousal relationship and parent-children relationship were both damaged. The mere family communication lead to family system lacks basic understanding and support. During the interview, the worker found that the distorted communication pattern and alienated relationships between family members are results of domestic violence. To Mrs. Chans son, his academic performance and mental health were both negative influenced by domestic violence. Agreed view of the client and the worker Mrs. Chan and the worker agreed that the foremost thing is to guarantee the safety of her and her two children. Staying in hostel can provide an opportunity to her calm down and make a decision whether leave or not. Based on the premise, a sound family relationship and a harmonious atmosphere would be constructed in the long run. Priorities of problems domestic violence and spousal relationship relationship between Mr. Chan and his son family communication and relationship among all family members Intervention phase Objectives Short -term: To alleviate the domestic violence in Mrs. Chans family and improve the relationship between the couple. To improve the relationship between Mr. Chan and his son Long-term: 1. To facilitate positive interaction pattern and create harmonious family atmosphere. Strategies and rationales shelter program Shelters have been gradually became a critical strategies for women and children who are preparing to escape violence. The shelter program can help abused women deal with current crisis and prepare to control their lives. ( McCue, 1995). At present, the foremost concern is the safety of Mrs. Chan and her children. Through shelter program, Mrs. Chan can calm down to consider the arrangements afterwards and make a rational decision for their future lives. Cognitive-behavioral approach The worker believes that a cognitive-behavioral approach for Mr. Chan would be effective to solve the whole family problem. The cognitive -behavior model stated that behavior is influenced by cognition: behavior will be modified by cognition. (Bonnet Williams, 2001). By cognitive-behavioral approach, Mr. Chan can indentify the situation which trigger his anger and learn how to control aggressive emotion with adaptive behavior. Mutual communication workshop Family members use verbal and nonverbal channels to convey messages. And the interaction and communication patterns play an important role in family relationship. (Hepworth, R. Rooney, G. Rooney, Strom-Gottfried, Larsen, 2010). For the purpose of improving the family relationship and ameliorating the communication pattern, some relevant activities would be arranged for them. The workshop includes organizing some domestic activities to alleviate the misunderstandings and facilitate reciprocal communication among family members. By this method, the family relationship will be more stable and harmonious. Parental skills training Marital conflict always related with ineffectiveness parenting, and children who suffer parental discord and uncaring parenting are prone to represent internalizing behaviors include anxiety, depression and externalizing behavior include aggressive and disobedience. (Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2009). Through the training, the parental pattern of the couple can be improved, and their sons emotional and mental issues can be alleviated and be more preoccupation with schooling. Regular meeting with children Since the domestic violence impose a negative influence on the boy, a regular meeting with the child is compulsory. By the regularly meeting, workers can give out specific and pertinent suggestions and projects to help the child rebuild his confidence and expectation to the family, community as well as the society.

Essay --

There has always been rich and poor in Spain but never like in recent years, the distance between them is very significant, as well as the difference in relation of incomes. The unemployment rate has taken a toll on the family income. More than 1.7 million households, according to the latest Labor Force Survey, have all members unemployed, and only 67% of those registered in employment offices receive any assistance or provision of the state. As a result, Spain is one of the most troubled positioned countries in statistics that measures social inequality and has the biggest distance between high and low incomes. In Spain the economic gap has always exceeded the average of the euro partners, at least from the start of Eurostat statistical series in 1995. It was stable, until the crisis aggressively attacked the economy and the gap began to grow five years ago. The GINI coefficient, which measures the difference in income of a country, is a clear example of that change. If the statistics shows a zero means that in that country there exists perfect equality, if it shows a 100 would mean an absolute inequality. Spain pulled out in 2011 34, the highest level since records. Latvia is the only country that exceeded Spain with 35.2. In the opposite side is Germany, with 29 and Norway with 22.5. The Spanish families have until mid-2012 a loss of wealth of 18.4 % over the previous year, representing the sharpest decline recorded between the economies of the euro zone, especially harmed by adverse economic conditions resulting from the crisis sovereign debt and the appreciation of the dollar against the euro, as reflected in a report on global wealth produced by Credit Suisse. In absolute terms, the aggregate amount of the impoverishment of... ...jobs due to reduced capital inflow, as it is riskier to invest in Spain's market. Since investing is so risky, the interest rate that investors have to pay for loans and investment projects in Spain are higher in comparison with other countries from Europe. Because of the increase of the public debt and economic deterioration, Spain has no option than to ask for help. Spain calls on members of the Eurozone for a rescue plan of up to 100,000 million for banking. In July of 2012 it reaches the 7% with a premium of about 650 basis points in respect to Germany. As well, the ECB announces a bond program plan for countries with problems, to generate a positive effect and calm the markets. In the third quarter of 2013, the GDP growth shows the end of the longest recession in decades. From 2013 the country risk premium starts decreasing reaching 186 basis points in 2014.